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early 1990s

  • 1 World Scripture (Comparative anthology of Sacred Texts, a project implemented by the International Religious Foundation in early 1990s)

    Религия: "Всемирное писание"

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > World Scripture (Comparative anthology of Sacred Texts, a project implemented by the International Religious Foundation in early 1990s)

  • 2 commoditisation

    Общая лексика: коммерциализация (Commoditization( early 1990s, origins Business theory) is the process by which goods that have economic value and are distinguishable in terms of attributes (uniqueness or brand) end up becoming simple commodities in), превращение изделий и услуг в (обезличенный) товар (Commoditization( early 1990s, origins Business theory) is the process by which goods that have economic value and are distinguishable in terms of attributes (uniqueness or brand) end)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > commoditisation

  • 3 коммерциализация

    1) General subject: commercialization, commoditisation (Commoditization (early 1990s, origins Business theory) is the process by which goods that have economic value and are distinguishable in terms of attributes (uniqueness or brand) end up becoming simple commodities in), commoditization (Commoditization (early 1990s, origins Business theory) is the process by which goods that have economic value and are distinguishable in terms of attributes (uniqueness or brand) end up becoming simple commodities in)
    2) Advertising: commercialization (перевод деятельности на коммерческую основу, преследующую извлечение прибыли)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > коммерциализация

  • 4 barajar la posibilidad

    (v.) = entertain + the possibility
    Ex. Since the early 1990s social scientists have been entertaining the possibility that globalization leads to polarization, that somehow the divide between the haves and the have-nots has been widening.
    * * *
    (v.) = entertain + the possibility

    Ex: Since the early 1990s social scientists have been entertaining the possibility that globalization leads to polarization, that somehow the divide between the haves and the have-nots has been widening.

    Spanish-English dictionary > barajar la posibilidad

  • 5 compañía de vuelos chárter

    Ex. Europe's charter airline sector appears to have weathered both the global airline slump and financial crisis of the early 1990s.
    * * *

    Ex: Europe's charter airline sector appears to have weathered both the global airline slump and financial crisis of the early 1990s.

    Spanish-English dictionary > compañía de vuelos chárter

  • 6 considerar la posibilidad

    (v.) = entertain + the possibility
    Ex. Since the early 1990s social scientists have been entertaining the possibility that globalization leads to polarization, that somehow the divide between the haves and the have-nots has been widening.
    * * *
    (v.) = entertain + the possibility

    Ex: Since the early 1990s social scientists have been entertaining the possibility that globalization leads to polarization, that somehow the divide between the haves and the have-nots has been widening.

    Spanish-English dictionary > considerar la posibilidad

  • 7 contemplar la posibilidad

    (v.) = toy with, toy with + idea of, entertain + the possibility
    Ex. For some years people have toyed with the pleasing vision of the end-user in need of information turning to his terminal and running off any search in 5 minutes, with total recall and splendid precision.
    Ex. I've tried using special characters and underline, and I've toyed with the idea of creating some graphic images.
    Ex. Since the early 1990s social scientists have been entertaining the possibility that globalization leads to polarization, that somehow the divide between the haves and the have-nots has been widening.
    * * *
    (v.) = toy with, toy with + idea of, entertain + the possibility

    Ex: For some years people have toyed with the pleasing vision of the end-user in need of information turning to his terminal and running off any search in 5 minutes, with total recall and splendid precision.

    Ex: I've tried using special characters and underline, and I've toyed with the idea of creating some graphic images.
    Ex: Since the early 1990s social scientists have been entertaining the possibility that globalization leads to polarization, that somehow the divide between the haves and the have-nots has been widening.

    Spanish-English dictionary > contemplar la posibilidad

  • 8 dar una idea de

    (v.) = give + a feel for, give + indication, provide + a glimpse of, give + a flavour of, be indicative of, provide + insight into, give + a picture, give + an insight into, give + an inkling of
    Ex. I have I hope given you a feel for the current thinking on university library building in the UK.
    Ex. The article 'Cross age tutoring works wonders' describes the development of that project, the basic tutoring session and gives an indication of the project's success.
    Ex. Close attention to the role of the computer specialist provides a glimpse of the world behind the reference desk.
    Ex. The physical representation of data on disks is a complicated subject and the foregoing discussion gives but a flavour of the various techniques.
    Ex. His definitive article, 'Backlog to Frontlog,' Library Journal (September 15, 1969), was indicative of his creative and simple, yet effective and economical solutions to traditional library problems.
    Ex. This article reports the findings of an investigation which was conducted in order to determine if either the impact factor or the immediacy index provide useful insights into the qualitative relations among scientific journals.
    Ex. The 1981 census data was used as a rough guide to give a picture of the area and to compile graphs from these statistics.
    Ex. His plenary address gave an insight into government thinking on library and information policy.
    Ex. This collection of essays gives some inkling of where the early 1990s have left Bach study.
    * * *
    (v.) = give + a feel for, give + indication, provide + a glimpse of, give + a flavour of, be indicative of, provide + insight into, give + a picture, give + an insight into, give + an inkling of

    Ex: I have I hope given you a feel for the current thinking on university library building in the UK.

    Ex: The article 'Cross age tutoring works wonders' describes the development of that project, the basic tutoring session and gives an indication of the project's success.
    Ex: Close attention to the role of the computer specialist provides a glimpse of the world behind the reference desk.
    Ex: The physical representation of data on disks is a complicated subject and the foregoing discussion gives but a flavour of the various techniques.
    Ex: His definitive article, 'Backlog to Frontlog,' Library Journal (September 15, 1969), was indicative of his creative and simple, yet effective and economical solutions to traditional library problems.
    Ex: This article reports the findings of an investigation which was conducted in order to determine if either the impact factor or the immediacy index provide useful insights into the qualitative relations among scientific journals.
    Ex: The 1981 census data was used as a rough guide to give a picture of the area and to compile graphs from these statistics.
    Ex: His plenary address gave an insight into government thinking on library and information policy.
    Ex: This collection of essays gives some inkling of where the early 1990s have left Bach study.

    Spanish-English dictionary > dar una idea de

  • 9 grunge

    m.
    grunge.
    * * *
    [ɡrunch]
    SM grunge
    * * *
    = grunge.
    Ex. The article is an examination of the 'Seattle sound' or ' grunge' as a form of alternative rock music in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
    * * *

    Ex: The article is an examination of the 'Seattle sound' or ' grunge' as a form of alternative rock music in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

    * * *
    /grandʒ/
    grunge
    * * *
    grunge [gruntʃ] nm
    grunge

    Spanish-English dictionary > grunge

  • 10 precariedad laboral

    (n.) = job insecurity, job instability
    Ex. Although they enjoy better salaries, benefits, and dynamic work responsibilities, they feel enormous job insecurity.
    Ex. Job instability has increased for young workers during the 1980s and early 1990s.
    * * *
    (n.) = job insecurity, job instability

    Ex: Although they enjoy better salaries, benefits, and dynamic work responsibilities, they feel enormous job insecurity.

    Ex: Job instability has increased for young workers during the 1980s and early 1990s.

    Spanish-English dictionary > precariedad laboral

  • 11 Housing

       In a country with a chronic housing shortage, it is ironic that Portugal has preserved and restored one of Europe's finest collections of historic castles and palaces. For decades, well before the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal has endured a shortage of decent, affordable housing, whether rented or purchased, as well as the growth of sprawling urban shantytowns outside Lisbon, Oporto, and smaller towns such as Estoril. Known as bairros da lata, literally, "neighborhoods or boroughs of tin," these poorly constructed dwellings lack electricity, water, or sewage systems. The flimsy buildings are made of any kind of building materials, including sheets of galvanized tin that serve as roofs, walls, and doors. As of the early 1980s, it was estimated that there were at least 700,000 illegally constructed buildings in Portugal, some 200,000 of which were in the greater Lisbon area, an example of the worst kind of urban sprawl. Many of these structures were built on unused private lands or on public lands.
       Even after Portugal's economy began to benefit from membership in the European Economic Community (EEC; later the European Union), a significant portion of housing remained substandard, whether in rural or urban areas. By the early 1990s, electrification in rural areas was still not complete, and running water and sewage systems were lacking. As of the early 21st century, improvement in housing has occurred, but with population growth and the arrival of migrants from Europe, Brazil, and former colonies in Africa, the basic components of a housing crisis persist: shortage of decent rental or purchased housings; persistent urban shantytowns, which in some areas have expanded; and substandard living conditions.
       A majority of the Portuguese people (60 percent; and in Lisbon and Oporto, 80 percent) rent their housing. Improving or expanding such rental housing has been challenging in part because of rigid recent control laws that, between 1948 and 1985, tended to discourage either the maintenance and improvement or the construction of apartments. In suburbs outside Lisbon, large apartment houses were built after 1980 for the more prosperous new urbanites, but, as in the past, the supply of good, affordable housing lagged behind demand. Many Portuguese governments confronted and engaged the housing problem, and some excellent reforms were instituted. The contemporary housing crisis nevertheless persists and, after 2007, was complicated by the worldwide economic crisis.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Housing

  • 12 BIOS

    ['baios] n. shkurtesë nga b asic i nput o utput s ystem ( BIOS) sistemi themelor për hyrje-dalje ( informatikë)
    What is BIOS?
    BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input/Output System. It is the boot firmware program on a PC, and controls the computer from the time you start it up until the operating system takes over. When you turn on a PC, the BIOS first conducts a basic hardware check, called a Power-On Self Test (POST), to determine whether all of the attachments are present and working. Then it loads the operating system into your computer's random access memory, or RAM.
    The BIOS also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video card, keyboard, mouse, and printer.
    The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your system configuration information in a battery-powered, non-volatile memory chip, called a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) after its manufacturing process.
    Although the BIOS is standardized and should rarely require updating, some older BIOS chips may not accommodate new hardware devices. Before the early 1990s, you couldn't update the BIOS without removing and replacing its ROM chip. Contemporary BIOS resides on memory chips such as flash chips or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), so that you can update the BIOS yourself if necessary.
    For detailed information about BIOS updates, visit:
    What is firmware?
    Firmware consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory, using various types of programmable ROM chips, such as PROMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash chips.
    Firmware is non-volatile, and will remain in memory after you turn the system off.
    Often, the term firmware is used to refer specifically to boot firmware, which controls a computer from the time that it is turned on until the primary operating system has taken over. Boot firmware's main function is to initialize the hardware and then to boot (load and execute) the primary operating system. On PCs, the boot firmware is usually referred to as the BIOS.
    What is the difference between memory and disk storage?
    Memory and disk storage both refer to internal storage space in a computer.
    The term memory usually means RAM (Random Access Memory). To refer to hard drive storage, the terms disk space or storage are usually used.
    Typically, computers have much less memory than disk space, because RAM is much more expensive per megabyte than a hard disk. Today, a typical desktop computer might come with 512MB of RAM, and a 40 gigabyte hard disk.
    Virtual memory is disk space that has been designated to act like RAM.
    Computers also contain a small amount of ROM, or read-only memory, containing permanent or semi-permanent (firmware) instructions for checking hardware and starting up the computer. On a PC, this is called the BIOS.
    What is RAM?
    RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.
    New computers typically come with at least 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM installed, and can be upgraded to 512MB or even a gigabyte or more.
    If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.
    RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.
    When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot firmware (called BIOS on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in ROM chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM.
    Note: On a PC, different parts of RAM may be more or less easily accessible to programs. For example, cache RAM is made up of very high-speed RAM chips which sit between the CPU and main RAM, storing (i.e., caching) memory accesses by the CPU. Cache RAM helps to alleviate the gap between the speed of a CPU's megahertz rating and the ability of RAM to respond and deliver data. It reduces how often the CPU must wait for data from main memory.
    What is ROM?
    ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.
    Almost every computer comes with a small amount of ROM containing the boot firmware. This consists of a few kilobytes of code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.
    Originally, ROM was actually read-only. To update the programs in ROM, you had to remove and physically replace your ROM chips. Contemporary versions of ROM allow some limited rewriting, so you can usually upgrade firmware such as the BIOS by using installation software. Rewritable ROM chips include PROMs (programmable read-only memory), EPROMs (erasable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and a common variation of EEPROMs called flash memory.
    What is an ACPI BIOS?
    ACPI is an acronym that stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, a power management specification developed by Intel, Microsoft, and Toshiba. ACPI support is built into Windows 98 and later operating systems. ACPI is designed to allow the operating system to control the amount of power provided to each device or peripheral attached to the computer system. This provides much more stable and efficient power management and makes it possible for the operating system to turn off selected devices, such as a monitor or CD-ROM drive, when they are not in use.
    ACPI should help eliminate computer lockup on entering power saving or sleep mode. This will allow for improved power management, especially in portable computer systems where reducing power consumption is critical for extending battery life. ACPI also allows for the computer to be turned on and off by external devices, so that the touch of a mouse or the press of a key will "wake up" the computer. This new feature of ACPI, called OnNow, allows a computer to enter a sleep mode that uses very little power.
    In addition to providing power management, ACPI also evolves the existing Plug and Play BIOS (PnP BIOS) to make adding and configuring new hardware devices easier. This includes support for legacy non-PnP devices and improved support for combining older devices with ACPI hardware, allowing both to work in a more efficient manner in the same computer system. The end result of this is to make the BIOS more PnP compatible.
    What is CMOS?
    CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat semiconductor technology used in contemporary microchips, especially useful for battery-powered devices. The specific technology is explained in detail at:
    http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213860,00.html
    Most commonly, though, the term CMOS is used to refer to small battery-powered configuration chips on system boards of personal computers, where the BIOS stores the date, the time, and system configuration details.
    How do I enter the Setup program in my BIOS?
    Warning: Your BIOS Setup program is very powerful. An incorrect setting could cause your computer not to boot properly. You should make sure you understand what a setting does before you change it.
    You can usually run Setup by pressing a special function key or key combination soon after turning on the computer, during its power-on self test (POST), before the operating system loads (or before the operating system's splash screen shows). During POST, the BIOS usually displays a prompt such as:
    Press F2 to enter Setup
    Many newer computers display a brief screen, usually black and white, with the computer manufacturer's logo during POST.
    Entering the designated keystroke will take you into the BIOS Setup. Common keystrokes to enter the BIOS Setup are F1, F2, F10, and Del.
    On some computers, such as some Gateway or Compaq computers, graphics appear during the POST, and the BIOS information is hidden. You must press Esc to make these graphics disappear. Your monitor will then display the correct keystroke to enter.
    Note: If you press the key too early or too often, the BIOS may display an error message. To avoid this, wait about five seconds after turning the power on, and then press the key once or twice.
    What's the difference between BIOS and CMOS?
    Many people use the terms BIOS (basic input/output system) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) to refer to the same thing. Though they are related, they are distinct and separate components of a computer. The BIOS is the program that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time, and system configuration details it needs to start the computer.
    The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers on until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS is firmware, which means it cannot store variable data.
    CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use the term to refer to the chip that stores variable data for startup. A computer's BIOS will initialize and control components like the floppy and hard drive controllers and the computer's hardware clock, but the specific parameters for startup and initializing components are stored in the CMOS.

    English-Albanian dictionary > BIOS

  • 13 educational voucher

    обр. образовательный ваучер (средства финансовой поддержки, которые позволяют расширить возможности получения более высокого и качественного образования; выдаются родителям учеников для использования их в качестве платы за обучение)

    Systems comparable with educational voucher scheme, also known as school choice system, were introduced in the Czech Republic and Hungary in the early 1990s. — Системы можно сравнить со схемой образовательных ваучеров, также известной как система выбора школ, которая была введена в Чешской республике и Венгрии в начале 90-х гг.

    See:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > educational voucher

  • 14 high performance work system

    сокр. HPWC упр. система высокой производительности работников

    Since the early 1990s, there has been increasing academic interest in a range of labour management practices labelled variously as "high commitment management", "high involvement management" and "High Performance Work Systems" (HPWS).

    Syn:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > high performance work system

  • 15 wear all hats

    1) Общая лексика: побывать на всех постах/должностях (Например: From handing out lucrative export quotas and privatizing key export agencies as deputy foreign trade minister in the early 1990s to planning economic security later in Putin's Security Counc)
    2) Переносный смысл: занимать все посты

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > wear all hats

  • 16 Всемирное писание

    Religion: World Scripture (Comparative anthology of Sacred Texts, a project implemented by the International Religious Foundation in early 1990s)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Всемирное писание

  • 17 побывать на всех постах/должностях

    General subject: wear all hats (Например: From handing out lucrative export quotas and privatizing key export agencies as deputy foreign trade minister in the early 1990s to planning economic security later in Putin's Security Counc)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > побывать на всех постах/должностях

  • 18 превращение изделий и услуг в (обезличенный) товар

    1) General subject: commoditisation (Commoditization (early 1990s, origins Business theory) is the process by which goods that have economic value and are distinguishable in terms of attributes (uniqueness or brand) end)
    2) Economy: commoditization

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > превращение изделий и услуг в (обезличенный) товар

  • 19 World Scripture

    Религия: (Comparative anthology of Sacred Texts, a project implemented by the International Religious Foundation in early 1990s) "Всемирное писание"

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > World Scripture

  • 20 превращение изделий и услуг в товар

    1) General subject: (обезличенный) commoditisation (Commoditization (early 1990s, origins Business theory) is the process by which goods that have economic value and are distinguishable in terms of attributes (uniqueness or brand) end)
    2) Economy: (обезличенный) commoditization

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > превращение изделий и услуг в товар

Страницы

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